{"id":33187,"date":"2026-04-02T11:48:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T11:48:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esin.av.tr\/?p=33187"},"modified":"2026-04-02T11:48:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T11:48:35","slug":"anayasa-mahkemesinden-yeni-iptal-karari-iki-ortakli-limited-sirketlerde-ortakliktan-cikarmada-yeni-donem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esin.av.tr\/tr\/2026\/04\/02\/anayasa-mahkemesinden-yeni-iptal-karari-iki-ortakli-limited-sirketlerde-ortakliktan-cikarmada-yeni-donem\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesi’nden Yeni \u0130ptal Karar\u0131: \u0130ki Ortakl\u0131 Limited \u015eirketlerde Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00c7\u0131karmada Yeni D\u00f6nem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yeni Geli\u015fme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi (\u201cAYM<\/strong>\u201d) 17 Mart 2026 tarihli 33199 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan, 25.12.2025 tarihli ve 2025\/128 esas, 2025\/273 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131yla (\u201cKarar<\/strong>\u201d), 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun (\u201cTTK<\/strong>\u201d) 616. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (h) bendi ile 621. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (h) bendinde yer alan \u201cBir orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebepler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mahkemeye ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131\u2026<\/em>\u201d ibaresini, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bularak iptal etmi\u015ftir. Karara buradan<\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Genel Bak\u0131\u015f: Limited \u015eirketlerde Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00c7\u0131karma D\u00fczenlemeleri<\/strong>
\nLimited \u015firketlerde ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma usul\u00fc TTK\u2019n\u0131n 640. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca, ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan iki ayr\u0131 yol \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u015eirket esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, genel kurul karar\u0131yla ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma<\/strong>: \u015eirket esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, bir orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek sebepler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenebilir. Bu sebeplerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde genel kurul, ilgili orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verebilir. \u00c7\u0131karma karar\u0131na muhatap olan ortak, karar\u0131n kendisine tebli\u011finden itibaren \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/li>\n
  2. \u015eirketin talebi \u00fczerine mahkeme karar\u0131yla hakl\u0131 sebebe dayan\u0131larak ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma:<\/strong> \u015eirket esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e7\u0131karma sebeplerine dayanarak \u00e7\u0131karma yolunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, hakl\u0131 bir sebebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u015firket, ilgili orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle mahkemeye ba\u015fvurabilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan her iki ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u015firket genel kurulu taraf\u0131ndan bir karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmekte ve bu karar, TTK\u2019n\u0131n 621\/1.(h) maddesi kapsam\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6nemli genel kurul kararlar\u0131\u201d aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsamda bir genel kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in TTK’da nitelikli nisap \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ve \u015eirket’te temsil edilen oylar\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi ile oy hakk\u0131 bulunan esas sermayenin salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun olumlu oyu aranmaktad\u0131r.
    \nAYM Karar\u0131 ile Getirilen D\u00fczenleme<\/strong>
    \nYukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, limited \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanan her iki ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma mekanizmas\u0131nda da genel kurul karar\u0131 aranmakta ve bu karar\u0131n al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f nisap \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak \u201c\u015eirket’te temsil edilen oylar\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi ile oy hakk\u0131 bulunan esas sermayenin salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun olumlu oyu” g\u00f6zetilerek d\u00fczenlenen bu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 nisab\u0131n, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde ortak say\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden hesaplanarak fiilen sa\u011flanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamakta ve bu durum \u015firket nezdinde kilitlenme riskine yol a\u00e7maktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca mahkeme karar\u0131 ile ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma yoluna ba\u015fvurabilmek i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken genel kurul karar\u0131, 616. maddesinin (1) numaral\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (h) bendi uyar\u0131nca genel kurulun devredilemez yetkileri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay da \u00f6nceki i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde ortak say\u0131s\u0131 itibar\u0131yla gerekli nisab\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 nedeniyle ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmekteydi.<\/p>\n

    Karar, tam da bu noktada, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu yap\u0131sal kilitlenme sorununa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirerek \u201c\u015firketin talebi \u00fczerine mahkeme karar\u0131yla hakl\u0131 sebebe dayan\u0131larak ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma\u201d halinde (yukar\u0131da (ii) olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanan durum), a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bu nisab\u0131n aranmamas\u0131n\u0131 ve al\u0131nacak bu genel kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n genel kurulun devredilemez yetkilerinden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte ve b\u00f6ylelikle iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde i\u015f birli\u011fini bozan durumun ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak \u015firketin hukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi hedeflenmektedir.
    \nAYM Gerek\u00e7esi<\/strong>
    \nAYM’nin incelemesine konu olayda, limited \u015firketlerde ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 fiilen imkans\u0131z hale getirmesi sorunu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevcut \u00e7\u0131karma mekanizmalar\u0131na uygulanan kurallar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde \u015firket faaliyetlerini aksatan veya davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmay\u0131 gerektiren nitelikte hakl\u0131 sebepler ortaya koyan bir orta\u011f\u0131n, \u015firketle olan ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona erdirilemedi\u011fi; bu nedenle \u015firketin amac\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    AYM’ye g\u00f6re bu durum, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcm limited \u015firketler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan i\u015flevsiz hale gelmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. \u015eirket faaliyetlerinin devam\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen veya ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini imk\u00e2ns\u0131z h\u00e2le getiren bir orta\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131, di\u011fer orta\u011f\u0131n do\u011frudan ya da genel kurul arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla etkili bir yarg\u0131sal ba\u015fvuru yoluna eri\u015fememesi, devletin te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndaki pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleriyle ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    AYM ayr\u0131ca, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde ya\u015fanan bu yap\u0131sal \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131n, TTK m. 636\/3 uyar\u0131nca\u00a0hakl\u0131 sebeple fesih davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla da etkili bi\u00e7imde giderilemeyece\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ne kadar hakl\u0131 sebeple fesih davas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda mahkemenin, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re \u015firketin feshi yerine davac\u0131 orta\u011f\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri \u00fczerinden \u00f6denmesi suretiyle \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u00fckmetmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa da, bu yetki tamamen mahkemenin takdirine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve mahkemenin \u015firketin feshine veya uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclecek ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme h\u00fckmetmesi de her zaman ihtimaller dahilindedir.\u00a0 Bu nedenle, s\u00f6z konusu mekanizma teorik olarak orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131makla birlikte, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde ya\u015fanan kilitlenme h\u00e2llerine kesin ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Karar, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde kilitlenme h\u00e2llerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli bir i\u00e7tihat geli\u015fmesi te\u015fkil etmekte ve uygulamada uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmaktad\u0131r. Karar uyar\u0131nca, hakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla mahkemeye ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin al\u0131nacak karar, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan art\u0131k genel kurulun devredilemez yetkileri aras\u0131nda yer almamakta ve bu karar i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f genel kurul nisab\u0131 da aranmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Karar\u2019da iptalin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giri\u015f tarihine ili\u015fkin herhangi bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, iptal h\u00fckm\u00fc, 17 Mart 2026 tarihli Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da TTK\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamada etkin \u015fekilde i\u015fletilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Yeni Geli\u015fme Anayasa Mahkemesi (\u201cAYM\u201d) 17 Mart 2026 tarihli 33199 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanan, 25.12.2025 tarihli ve 2025\/128 esas, 2025\/273 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[103],"class_list":["post-33187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-legal-alerts","tag-corporate-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAnayasa Mahkemesi'nden Yeni \u0130ptal Karar\u0131: \u0130ki Ortakl\u0131 Limited \u015eirketlerde Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00c7\u0131karmada Yeni D\u00f6nem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yeni Geli\u015fme Anayasa Mahkemesi (\u201cAYM\u201d) 17 Mart 2026 tarihli 33199 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete'de yay\u0131mlanan, 25.12.2025 tarihli ve 2025\/128 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