{"id":26027,"date":"2023-06-23T17:18:24","date_gmt":"2023-06-23T17:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esin.av.tr\/?p=26027"},"modified":"2023-06-23T17:18:24","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T17:18:24","slug":"anayasa-mahkemesinden-rekabet-kurumunun-yuruttugu-yerinde-incelemeleri-etkileyebilecek-onemli-karar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esin.av.tr\/tr\/2023\/06\/23\/anayasa-mahkemesinden-rekabet-kurumunun-yuruttugu-yerinde-incelemeleri-etkileyebilecek-onemli-karar\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nden Rekabet Kurumu\u2019nun Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerinde \u0130ncelemeleri Etkileyebilecek \u00d6nemli Karar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yeni Geli\u015fme<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi (\u201cAYM<\/strong>\u201d) 20 Haziran 2023 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131[1]<\/sup><\/a> (\u201cKarar<\/strong>\u201d) ile, di\u011fer hususlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Rekabet Kurumu (\u201cKurum<\/strong>\u201d) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen yerinde inceleme \u00f6ncesinde hakim karar\u0131 al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ba\u015fvurucunun konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n somut olayda ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar, hem mevcut s\u00fcre\u00e7ler hem Kurum\u2019un gelecekte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi yerinde incelemeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 yorumlara yol a\u00e7abilecek niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

Karara \u0130li\u015fkin De\u011ferlendirmeler<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Somut olayda, ba\u015fvurucu; Anayasa’n\u0131n 21. maddesi uyar\u0131nca konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131na ancak h\u00e2kim karar\u0131yla m\u00fcdahale edilebilece\u011fini, ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fyerinde Kurum uzmanlar\u0131nca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen yerinde incelemenin yeterli kanuni g\u00fcvenceleri i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

AYM, \u00f6ncelikle konut kavram\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, konut kavram\u0131n\u0131n genellikle \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131n ve aile ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fti\u011fi maddi olarak belirlenmi\u015f yer olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve konut kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fyerlerini de kapsayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Karar\u2019da bir ki\u015finin mesle\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u00fcrosunun, \u00f6zel bir ki\u015finin i\u015fletti\u011fi \u015firketin faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kay\u0131tl\u0131 merkezinin, t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin kay\u0131tl\u0131 merkezlerinin, \u015fubelerinin ve di\u011fer i\u015fyerlerinin de bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilebildi\u011fini belirtilmi\u015ftir. AYM, arama kavram\u0131n\u0131n ise su\u00e7u \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla bireylerin baz\u0131 temel haklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olacak \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir koruma tedbiri oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, koruma tedbirlerinin kural olarak hakim karar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren tedbirler oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

AYM, 4054 say\u0131l\u0131 Rekabetin Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un (\u201c4054<\/strong> say\u0131l\u0131<\/strong> Kanun<\/strong>\u201d) 15. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen yerinde incelemelerin genellikle te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn y\u00f6netim i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc merkez, \u015fube ve tesislerinde yap\u0131lan bir faaliyet oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. AYM\u2019ye g\u00f6re, te\u015febb\u00fcslerin y\u00f6netim i\u015flerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131mlar ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma odalar\u0131 gibi herkesin serbest\u00e7e giremedi\u011fi alanlar\u0131n konut say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 hususunda teredd\u00fct bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Karar\u2019a konu olayda, Kurum uzmanlar\u0131 ba\u015fvurucunun adresine gelerek yerinde inceleme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan yerinde inceleme neticesinde Kurum uzmanlar\u0131, \u015firket personelinin bilgisayar\u0131ndan temin edilen e-postalardan olu\u015fan 78 belge teslim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. AYM, \u015firket yetkililerinin bilgisayarlar\u0131ndan belge temin edildi\u011fi hususu \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ba\u015fvurucunun i\u015fyerinde yap\u0131lan yerinde incelemenin konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

AYM, i\u015fyerinde yap\u0131lan yerinde incelemenin konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131na m\u00fcdahale te\u015fkil etti\u011fini belirttikten sonra, s\u00f6z konusu m\u00fcdahalenin anayasal bir ihlal olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. Karar\u2019da, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 13. maddesi uyar\u0131nca temel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlere y\u00f6nelik s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f ve AYM\u2019nin, somut olaya uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc takdirde kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanan organlar\u0131n temel hak ya da \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere yapt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fcdahalelerin Anayasa’n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcne uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirece\u011finin alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

AYM, Kurum uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n yerinde inceleme yapabilmesinin kural olarak hakim karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f, bu yerinde incelemelerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla konut kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilen merkez, \u015fube ve tesislerinde yap\u0131lan bir faaliyet oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4054 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun ise rekabet uzmanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 olmadan da konut say\u0131lan alanlara girebilme yetkisi tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u0130lgili kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde, h\u00e2kim karar\u0131, ancak yerinde incelemenin engellenmesi veya engellenme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2lleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu kapsamda AYM, Anayasa’n\u0131n 21. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcvencesinin, kamu g\u00f6revlilerince ki\u015filerin konutlar\u0131na r\u0131zalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda girilmek istenen her durumu kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve h\u00e2kim karar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yerinde incelemenin engellenmesi veya engellenme ihtimalinin olmas\u0131 halinde al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren d\u00fczenlemenin Anayasa\u2019da yer alan g\u00fcvenceye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir. AYM, Anayasa’n\u0131n 21. maddesine g\u00f6re, ancak gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca bulunan h\u00e2llerde do\u011frudan h\u00e2kim karar\u0131 yerine kanunla yetkili k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f mercinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 emrinin yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fine de i\u015faret etmi\u015f, Rekabet Kurulu\u2019nun (\u201cKurul<\/strong>\u201d) emriyle yerinde inceleme yap\u0131labilmesini gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca bulunan h\u00e2llere m\u00fcnhas\u0131r k\u0131lmayan d\u00fczenlemenin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 21. maddesine uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Karar\u2019da ilaveten, bir an i\u00e7in Kurul\u2019un yerinde inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca bulunan h\u00e2llere m\u00fcnhas\u0131r oldu\u011fu kabul edilse dahi, Kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n yirmi d\u00f6rt saat i\u00e7inde h\u00e2kim onay\u0131na sunulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmamas\u0131n\u0131 da Anayasa’n\u0131n 21. maddesindeki ek g\u00fcvenceyle uyumlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle AYM, somut olay bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, ba\u015fvurucunun konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131na yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahalenin Anayasa’n\u0131n 21. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve sonu\u00e7 olarak konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi kanaatine varm\u0131\u015f, bir tazminat talebi bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle bu yolda bir h\u00fck\u00fcm kurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline ili\u015fkin bu temel de\u011ferlendirmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Karar\u2019da ayr\u0131ca, ikinci \u00f6n ara\u015ft\u0131rma tarihi olan 24 Haziran 2009 ile karar\u0131n kesinle\u015fme tarihi olan 20 May\u0131s 2019 aras\u0131ndaki 9 y\u0131l 10 ay 26 g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u00fcrenin makul yarg\u0131lanma s\u00fcresi olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, bu nedenle adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda yer alan makul s\u00fcrede yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n da ihlal edildi\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karar\u2019da ba\u015fvurucunun, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k, ayn\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u00e7in iki kez soru\u015fturulmama ve yarg\u0131lanmama, mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hususlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131 ise kabul g\u00f6rmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Son olarak, AYM\u2019nin 30 Mart 2023 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan ve yine \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi ve korunmas\u0131 \u00fcst ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin olan karar\u0131nda[2]<\/sup><\/a> AYM, 4054 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 15. maddesinde 16 Haziran 2020 tarihinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler kapsam\u0131nda yer alan \u201ckopyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve fiziki \u00f6rneklerini alabilir<\/em>\u201d ifadesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 2,13, 20, 35 ve 90. maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131n\u0131 incelemi\u015f ve ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fcn kanunilik ko\u015fulunu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 167. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde devlete verilen g\u00f6revler ba\u011flam\u0131nda ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fcn me\u015fru oldu\u011funu, demokratik toplum d\u00fczenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, amaca ula\u015fma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elveri\u015fli ve gerekli oldu\u011funu belirterek Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.
\nHer ne kadar AYM’nin buradaki de\u011ferlendirmesi sadece “kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve fiziki \u00f6rneklerini alabilir<\/em>” ibaresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, Kurul\u2019un defterler, fiziki ve elektronik ortam ile bili\u015fim sistemlerinde tutulan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc veri ve belgeler \u00fczerindeki inceleme yetkisine ili\u015fkin bir fikir vermese de, bu iki karar Anayasa’n\u0131n 20. ve 21. maddelerinde yer alan \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011finin korunmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda anayasal g\u00fcvencelere ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm ve uygulamalar\u0131n farkl\u0131 yorumlanabilece\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>\n

AYM\u2019nin konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda yeterli g\u00fcvenceler sa\u011flanmadan, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, \u00f6nceden hakim karar\u0131 al\u0131nmadan yerinde inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n hak ihlali do\u011furdu\u011funa h\u00fckmetti\u011fi bu karar\u0131n rekabet hukuku uygulamalar\u0131na ve yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na nas\u0131l yans\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz belirsizlik ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Anayasa Mahkemesi, Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru Numaras\u0131: 2019\/40991, T. 23.03.2022.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Anayasa Mahkemesi, E. 2020\/67 K. 2022\/139, T. 09.11.2022.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yeni Geli\u015fme Anayasa Mahkemesi (\u201cAYM\u201d) 20 Haziran 2023 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bireysel ba\u015fvuru karar\u0131[1] (\u201cKarar\u201d) ile, di\u011fer hususlar\u0131n yan\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[120],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-26027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-legal-alerts","tag-competition-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAnayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nden Rekabet Kurumu\u2019nun Y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yerinde \u0130ncelemeleri Etkileyebilecek \u00d6nemli Karar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yeni Geli\u015fme Anayasa Mahkemesi (\u201cAYM\u201d) 20 Haziran 2023 tarihinde Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan bireysel ba\u015fvuru 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