{"id":18494,"date":"2021-01-18T09:24:56","date_gmt":"2021-01-18T09:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.esin.av.tr\/?p=18494"},"modified":"2022-06-09T13:15:10","modified_gmt":"2022-06-09T13:15:10","slug":"mto-2021-kurallari-etkililik-esneklik-ve-seffaflik-icin-bir-adim-daha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.esin.av.tr\/tr\/2021\/01\/18\/mto-2021-kurallari-etkililik-esneklik-ve-seffaflik-icin-bir-adim-daha\/","title":{"rendered":"MTO 2021 Kurallar\u0131: Etkililik, Esneklik ve \u015eeffafl\u0131k i\u00e7in Bir Ad\u0131m Daha"},"content":{"rendered":"

Milletleraras\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131 (“MTO<\/strong>“) 1 Aral\u0131k 2020 tarihinde 2021 Tahkim Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131 (“2021 Kurallar\u0131<\/strong>“) yay\u0131mlad\u0131. 2021 Kurallar\u0131, 1 Ocak 2021 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi ve 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan 2017 Tahkim Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n (“2017 Kurallar\u0131<\/strong>“) yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

2021 Kurallar\u0131 uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli alanda etkileyecek esasl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7ermektedir. Uygulamay\u0131 etkileyebilecek alt\u0131 \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Karma\u015f\u0131k uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi ve ilgili ki\u015filerin davaya d\u00e2hil edilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hakem heyetlerinin yetkilerinin geni\u015fletilmesi,<\/li>\n
  2. Yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecine dair endi\u015feleri gidermek i\u00e7in yeni \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n getirilmesi,<\/li>\n
  3. Hakem heyetinin taraflar\u0131n uyru\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir milletten olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n getirilmesi ve acil durum hakemine ba\u015fvurunun hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131 yoluyla yat\u0131r\u0131m anla\u015fmalar\u0131na dayal\u0131 tahkime \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin getirilmesi,<\/li>\n
  4. Otomatik olarak uygulanacak Seri Tahkim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan e\u015fik de\u011ferin 2 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131’ndan 3 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131’na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li>\n
  5. Taraflar\u0131n hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilmeyen talepleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ek karar kurumunun eklenmesi, ve<\/li>\n
  6. Tahkim yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131nda etkililik ve esnekli\u011fin \u00e7evre dostu ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131yla desteklenmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan di\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fiklikler.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu alt\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ek olarak, MTO ayr\u0131ca, Kurallar uyar\u0131nca tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n MTO Divan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan idaresiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan iddialara ili\u015fkin yeni bir 43. Madde getirmi\u015ftir. Yeni 43. Madde uyar\u0131nca, bu talepler Frans\u0131z hukukuna ve Paris Mahkemeleri’nin (Tribunal Judiciaire de Paris<\/em>) m\u00fcnhas\u0131r yarg\u0131 yetkisine tabidir.<\/p>\n

    MTO Divan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alexis Mourre, “Kurallar’daki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, Kurallar’\u0131n daha etkili, esnek ve \u015feffaf olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ad\u0131md\u0131r<\/em>” ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    1. Karma\u015f\u0131k Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n Kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    2021 MTO Kurallar\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin davaya d\u00e2hil edilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 taraflar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ve\/veya farkl\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere dayanan tahkim davalar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

    D\u00e2hil Etme<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    2017 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 7. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca, hakem heyetinin onaylanmas\u0131ndan veya atanmas\u0131ndan sonra, t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n onay\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ilave bir taraf davaya d\u00e2hil edilemiyordu. 2021 Kurallar\u0131, 7. Maddenin 5. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek davaya sonradan kat\u0131lan taraf\u0131n G\u00f6rev Belgesi’ni onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kabul etti\u011fi durumlarda, hakem heyetine bu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiyi davaya d\u00e2hil etme yetkisi vermektedir. Hakem heyeti, ilave taraf \u00fczerinde prima facie (ilk bak\u0131\u015fta) <\/em>yetkisi, davaya d\u00e2hil etme talebinin ne zaman yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, olas\u0131 menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, davaya d\u00e2hil etmenin tahkim usul\u00fc \u00fczerindeki etkisi, masraflar ve zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan verimlilik gibi “ilgili t\u00fcm ko\u015fullar\u0131” dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    MTO Divan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alexis Mourre, bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta tahkime d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131 gereken bir ki\u015finin herhangi bir nedenle tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k, birden \u00e7ok s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Birle\u015ftirme<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    2017 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 10. Maddesi, tahkim davalar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine, tahkimdeki t\u00fcm iddialar\u0131n ayn\u0131 tahkim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanmas\u0131 durumunda veya uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birbirine \u00f6zde\u015f tahkim s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini i\u00e7eren birden fazla s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden kaynaklanmas\u0131 durumunda izin verilip verilmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemi\u015ftir. 2021 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 10. Maddesi, bu konuyu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi kapsam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir ve bu do\u011frultuda, 2021 Kurallar\u0131 Madde 10(b) uyar\u0131nca, tahkim anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu ancak farkl\u0131 taraflar\u0131 i\u00e7eren tahkim davalar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine izin vermektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f mevcut h\u00fck\u00fcm, tahkimin taraflar\u0131 ayn\u0131 olmasa da birden fazla s\u00f6zle\u015fme alt\u0131ndaki tahkim anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla, davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine izin vermektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda, (c) bendi, farkl\u0131 tahkim anla\u015fmas\u0131 veya anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda, bu anla\u015fmalar\u0131n birbiriyle uyumlu olmas\u0131, taraflar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n ayn\u0131 hukuki ili\u015fkiye ili\u015fkin olmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131yla davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesine izin verecek \u015fekilde yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler MTO Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131 \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 ve birden \u00e7ok s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli tahkimler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha uyumlu hale getirmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler Ekim 2020’de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ve ayn\u0131 i\u015flemden veya bir dizi ili\u015fkili i\u015flemden kaynaklanan birbiriyle uyumlu tahkim anla\u015fmalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan tahkim davalar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ciddi bir esneklik sa\u011flayan Londra Uluslararas\u0131 Tahkim Mahkemesi (“LCIA<\/strong>“) Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 22. Maddesinin 7. f\u0131kras\u0131yla da uyumludur. \u00d6nemle vurgulamak gerekir ki taraflar, e\u011fer davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi niyetindelerse, t\u00fcm s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin tahkim h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin ayn\u0131 veya en az\u0131ndan uyumlu olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in her bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin tahkim h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc incelemelidir.<\/p>\n

    2. \u015eeffafl\u0131k ve Yarg\u0131lama S\u00fcrecine \u0130li\u015fkin \u0130lkeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

    2021 Kurallar\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi finansman\u0131, taraf temsilcili\u011fi, \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve taraflara e\u015fit muamelenin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla hakemlerin atanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Ki\u015fi Finansman\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    MTO, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi finans\u00f6rlerin tahkimdeki geli\u015fen pay\u0131na seyirci kalmam\u0131\u015f ve taraflardan her birine “taleplerin ve savunmalar\u0131n finansman\u0131 i\u00e7in bir anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve tahkim sonucundan ekonomik menfaati olan herhangi bir dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015finin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kimli\u011fini<\/em>” if\u015fa etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getiren d\u00fczenlemeyi 11. Maddeye 7. f\u0131kra olarak eklemi\u015ftir. Bu ekleme, hakemlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin if\u015fa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri ile de ili\u015fkilidir. “Bir hakem veya olas\u0131 hakem, tahkimin sonucu \u00fczerinde menfaati bulunan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerle olan ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>” ifadesini i\u00e7eren MTO’nun Taraflar ve Hakem Heyeti i\u00e7in Tahkimin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesine \u0130li\u015fkin K\u0131lavuzu’nun (2019) da g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi\u011fi gibi, MTO’nun zaten h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda bu do\u011frultuda bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 mevcuttu. Benzer \u015fekilde, Milletleraras\u0131 Tahkimde Menfaat \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin IBA K\u0131lavuz \u0130lkeleri Genel Standart 7, taraflar\u0131n if\u015fa y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini “tahkimde verilecek kararda do\u011frudan ekonomik menfaati olan te\u015febb\u00fcsler<\/em>” \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde geni\u015fletmektedir. \u0130f\u015fa etme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, tahkimi finanse eden ve tahkimin sonucunda ekonomik menfaati olan taraflarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmas\u0131, talep i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan basit bir sigorta teminat\u0131n\u0131n if\u015fa edilip edilmeyece\u011fi sorusunu da a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Taraf Temsilcili\u011fi<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    17. Maddenin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 “yetkinin belgelendirilmesi” yerine “taraf temsilcili\u011fi” olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve temsil konusunda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin derhal MTO Sekretaryas\u0131’na, hakem heyetine ve di\u011fer taraflara bildirilmesi konusunda yeni eklenen birinci f\u0131kra ile taraflar\u0131n her birine y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck getirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130kinci f\u0131krayla ise hakem heyetine taraflar\u0131n temsilinde, tahkim s\u00fcrecine k\u0131smen veya tamamen yeni bir avukat\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00e2hil olmak ancak bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamak \u00fczere, meydana gelecek bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik halinde menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ad\u0131na herhangi bir tedbiri alabilme yetkisi getirilmi\u015ftir. 2021 Kurallar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca hakem heyeti a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, hakemlerden birinin menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tahkim s\u00fcrecinin uzamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, gerekti\u011fi takdirde ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir taraf\u0131n yasal temsilcisini se\u00e7me hakk\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamak suretiyle taraflar\u0131n yeni temsilcilerini yarg\u0131lamaya d\u00e2hil etmeme yetkisine sahiptir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik, devam eden yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumay\u0131 ve derdest bir tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131n\u0131n avukat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sebebiyle bir nevi raydan \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Hakem Atamas\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

    \u015eeffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131ran bir di\u011fer kayda de\u011fer de\u011fi\u015fiklik ise, istisnai durumlarda, tahkim anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 taraflar nezdinde \u00f6nemli bir e\u015fitsizlik ve adaletsizlik riskine yol a\u00e7acaksa, MTO Divan\u0131’n\u0131n hakem heyetinin her bir \u00fcyesini atayabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 12. Maddenin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131d\u0131r.
    \n\u0130stisnai durumlar i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, MTO Divan\u0131’n\u0131n tahkim karar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir risk olu\u015fturabilecek ve kabul edilemez tahkim anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, daval\u0131 tarafta birden fazla ki\u015fi mevcutsa ve daval\u0131lar hakem se\u00e7imi konusunda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ya\u015f\u0131yorsa, MTO Divan\u0131 yaln\u0131zca daval\u0131 ad\u0131na de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda davac\u0131 taraf ad\u0131na da bir hakem atayabilecek ve b\u00f6ylece e\u015fitsiz bir durumu \u00f6nlemek ad\u0131na davac\u0131n\u0131n hakem atamas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Bu yeni h\u00fckm\u00fcn amac\u0131, e\u015fit muamele ve adil yarg\u0131lama yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 sebepleriyle yerel mahkemelerin hakem karar\u0131n\u0131 iptal etmesi riskini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak ve hakem heyetinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcnde adaleti ve e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m ayn\u0131 zamanda, MTO Divan\u0131’n\u0131n ve hakem heyetinin karar\u0131n icra edilebilmesini temin i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc gayreti sarf edece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren MTO Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 42. Maddesi ile de uyumludur. Bunun yan\u0131nda, MTO Divan\u0131’n\u0131n “istisnai durumlar\u0131” nas\u0131l yorumlayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fimdilik bilinmemekle birlikte, h\u00fckm\u00fcn geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131 muhtemelen “hakem heyetinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn [\u2026] taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131na uygun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>” gerek\u00e7esiyle karar\u0131n iptali veya tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve tenfizine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 taleplerinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.(1)<\/sup>\u00a0Bununla birlikte, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, taraflar\u0131n hakem atama haklar\u0131na bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden biri olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n

    3. Yat\u0131r\u0131m Anla\u015fmas\u0131na Dayal\u0131 Tahkim i\u00e7in \u00d6zel Olarak Haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong><\/p>\n

    2021 Kurallar\u0131, ilk kez bir yat\u0131r\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131na dayal\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na odaklanan iki yeni h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmler, yat\u0131r\u0131m tahkimlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcyen pay\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r(2)<\/sup>\u00a0ve MTO’nun niyeti yat\u0131r\u0131m uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fin i\u00e7ine katmak ve taraflar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde MTO Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131 bir se\u00e7enek olarak de\u011ferlendirmeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde te\u015fvik etmektir.<\/p>\n

    “Hakemlerin atanmas\u0131 ve onaylanmas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yeni Madde 13(6) yat\u0131r\u0131m tahkimlerinde, aksi taraflar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, hakemlerden hi\u00e7birinin tahkimin taraflar\u0131ndan herhangi biriyle ayn\u0131 milliyete sahip olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir. H\u00fckm\u00fcn amac\u0131 kamu menfaatini ilgilendiren yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda hakem heyetinin tam tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131-devlet uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ikinci de\u011fi\u015fiklik; MTO Divan\u0131’n\u0131n anla\u015fmaya dayal\u0131 tahkimlere y\u00f6nelik acil durum hakemi prensibini d\u00fczenleyen Madde 29(6)(c) h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu h\u00fckme g\u00f6re, tahkim yat\u0131r\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131nda yer alan bir tahkim s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayan\u0131yorsa, acil durum hakemi uygulama alan\u0131 bulmayacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle yat\u0131r\u0131m tahkimleri, 2021 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n acil durum hakemine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin kapsam\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    4. Seri Tahkimde E\u015fik De\u011ferin Art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    MTO 2019 Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u0130statistikleri, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonu itibariyle toplam 146 davan\u0131n seri tahkim h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve 50 hakem karar\u0131ndan 37 tanesinin alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde kesinle\u015fti\u011fini belirtmektedir ve bu da seri tahkim prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn pop\u00fclerli\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.(3)<\/sup>\u00a02021 Kurallar\u0131, Madde 30(2)(a)’da at\u0131f yap\u0131lan Ek VI Madde 1(2) ile otomatik ba\u015fvuru e\u015fik de\u011ferini 2 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131’ndan, 3 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131’na \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni e\u015fik de\u011fer tahkim anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n akdedildi\u011fi tarihe g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir: anla\u015fma 1 Mart 2017’den sonra ve 1 Ocak 2021’den \u00f6nce akdedilmi\u015fse e\u015fik de\u011fer 2 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131 olacakken; anla\u015fma 1 Ocak 2021 sonras\u0131nda akdedilmi\u015fse bu kez e\u015fik de\u011fer 3 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin seri tahkim uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak verimlili\u011fe hizmet edece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    5. Ek Karar Verilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    MTO, 36. Maddeye \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kray\u0131 ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da “ek karar” ifadesini ekleyerek ek kararlara ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak vurgulamak gerekir ki, 2017 Kurallar\u0131 zaten hakem karar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesine ve yorumlanmas\u0131na izin vermektedir. Bununla beraber, bu yeni h\u00fck\u00fcm bu hukuki kurumlar\u0131 tamamlamaktad\u0131r. 36. Maddenin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131, taraflar\u0131n her birine tahkim yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri ancak hakem heyeti taraf\u0131ndan karara ba\u011flanmayan taleplerine ili\u015fkin olarak, ek karar talep edebilmeleri i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru imkan\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fvuru s\u00f6z konusu karar\u0131n bildirilmesini takip eden 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hakem heyeti di\u011fer tarafa g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini sunabilmesi i\u00e7in k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre verecektir. Hakem heyeti di\u011fer tarafa g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini bildirmesi i\u00e7in verilen s\u00fcrenin dolmas\u0131ndan itibaren en fazla 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde veya MTO Divan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nan ba\u015fka bir s\u00fcrede ba\u015fvuru ile ilgili karar\u0131n\u0131 taslak halinde MTO Divan\u0131’na sunar. Bu yeni h\u00fck\u00fcm etkili bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00fcr zira 2017 Kurallar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca tahkim yeri hukukunun ek karara izin vermedi\u011fi durumlarda, taraflar\u0131n hakk\u0131nda karar verilmeyen talepleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeni bir tahkim ba\u015flatmas\u0131 gerekmekteydi. Ayr\u0131ca, infra petita <\/em>temelinde karar\u0131n iptali riskini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla, taraflar art\u0131k bu konular hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 hakem heyeti taraf\u0131ndan ek bir karar verilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunabileceklerdir.<\/p>\n

    6. \u00c7evre Dostu Tahkimin ve \u00c7evrimi\u00e7i Duru\u015fmalar\u0131n Te\u015fviki<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d6zellikle vurgulanmay\u0131 hak eden son \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik ise, teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Covid-19 pandemisinin ve k\u00fcresel karantinalar\u0131n bir sonucu olarak, teknolojiyi bir nevi kucaklamak t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemli bir mesele haline geldi. Covid-19 pandemisinden \u00f6nce, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla teknoloji zaten olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir meseleydi, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t ve m\u00fcrekkep tasarrufu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in tahkim usul\u00fcn\u00fcn ve belgelerin dijitalle\u015ftirilmesi ile ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar zaten y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekteydi.<\/p>\n

    2021 Kurallar\u0131 Nisan 2020’de yay\u0131mlanan Covid-19 Pandemisinin Etkilerini Azaltmaya Y\u00f6nelik Olas\u0131 \u00d6nlemler Hakk\u0131nda K\u0131lavuz Not’a (“K\u0131lavuz Not<\/strong>“) uygun olarak, bas\u0131l\u0131 kopyalar\u0131n sunulmas\u0131 yerine belgelerin elektronik olarak sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. 3. Maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca t\u00fcm ibrazlar\u0131n, bildirimlerin ve yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n taraflar\u0131n her birine, hakemlere ve MTO Sekretaryas\u0131na “g\u00f6nderilece\u011fini”; ayr\u0131ca hakem heyetinin taraflara y\u00f6nelik t\u00fcm yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Sekretaryaya “bas\u0131l\u0131 kopya olarak g\u00f6nderece\u011fini” d\u00fczenlemektedir. 2021 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 4. (“Tahkim Talebi”) ve 5. Maddeleri (“Tahkim Talebine Cevap”) a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde ancak davac\u0131 veya daval\u0131 dilek\u00e7elerin \u00a0(durumun gerektirmesi halinde) sunulmas\u0131n\u0131n “elden teslim<\/em>, taahh\u00fctl\u00fc posta veya kurye<\/em>” yoluyla yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep ederse davac\u0131 ve daval\u0131n\u0131n dilek\u00e7elerini “taraflar\u0131n her biri, her bir hakem ve Sekretarya i\u00e7in [\u2026] yeterli say\u0131da kopya<\/em>” \u015feklinde sunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fczenlemektedir.<\/p>\n

    2020 LCIA Kurallar\u0131’na benzer \u015fekilde, 2021 MTO Kurallar\u0131, belgelerin elektronik olarak ibraz edilmesi ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini normalle\u015ftirmeyi ve kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan \u00f6nemli ve yerinde d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7ermektedir. 2017 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n 25. Maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, “hakem heyeti, taraflar\u0131 \u015fahsen ve birlikte dinler<\/em>“. Kurallar’\u0131n 2021 versiyonu bu ifadeyi kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve hakem heyetinin “taraflara dan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra ve davan\u0131n ilgili olay ve olgular\u0131na dayanarak, herhangi bir duru\u015fman\u0131n fiziksel kat\u0131l\u0131mla veya video konferans, telefon veya di\u011fer uygun ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla uzaktan yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermesine<\/em>” izin veren 26. Maddenin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Bu yeni h\u00fck\u00fcm, Covid-19 pandemisinin etkilerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yay\u0131mlanan K\u0131lavuz Not’un bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i duru\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektedir ve duru\u015fmalar\u0131n uzaktan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesinin uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00fcpheleri ortadan kald\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    2021 Kurallar\u0131 MTO tahkimini daha \u00e7ekici, esnek, \u015feffaf ve etkili hale getirmek amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. 1 Aral\u0131k 2020 tarihindeki k\u00fcresel tan\u0131t\u0131m etkinli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda MTO Divan Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alexis Mourre, 2021 Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n var olan uygulamay\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir \u015fekilde onaylay\u0131p netle\u015ftirdi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda, 2021 Kurallar\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011funlukla h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdaki uygulaman\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6zellikle, teknolojinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131ran de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, Covid-19 pandemisi sebebiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belirsizlik dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tahkim uygulamac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ho\u015fnutlukla kar\u015f\u0131lanacakt\u0131r. Geni\u015f bir a\u00e7\u0131yla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2021 Kurallar\u0131 her ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck eklemeler ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikler i\u00e7ermese de, daha etkili, esnek ve \u015feffaf bir tahkim s\u00fcreci sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    MTO Divan\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, Taraflar ve Hakem Heyeti i\u00e7in Tahkim S\u00fcrecinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda K\u0131lavuz’un g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f bir versiyonunu yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ilgili k\u0131lavuza buradan<\/a> eri\u015filebilir.<\/p>\n

    MTO 2017 Tahkim Kurallar\u0131 ve 2021 Tahkim Kurallar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 versiyona buradan<\/a> ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    (1)<\/sup>\u00a0Yabanc\u0131 Hakem Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve \u0130cras\u0131 Hakk\u0131ndaki New York S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (“New York S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi”), Madde V.1(d) uyar\u0131nca e\u011fer “[h]akem heyetinin te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn [\u2026] taraflar\u0131n anla\u015fmas\u0131na uygun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” <\/em>bir durum s\u00f6z konusuysa “[a]leyhine hakem karar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen taraf\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine, karar\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve icras\u0131 reddedilebilir<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

    (2)<\/sup>\u00a02019 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaydedilen yeni davalardan %20’si bir devlet veya devlet te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fc ile ili\u015fkiliydi. Bu rakam, son be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde MTO Tahkimlerinde devletlerin ve devletlere ait taraflar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda %67’lik \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 temsil etmektedir ve t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n MTO rekorunu k\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. (2019 MTO Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u0130statistikleri). MTO 2019 Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u0130statistikleri’ne buradan<\/a> eri\u015filebilir.<\/p>\n

    (3)<\/sup>\u00a0MTO 2019 Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u0130statistiklerine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in bu konu hakk\u0131ndaki hukuk b\u00fcltenimizi buradan<\/a> inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Milletleraras\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131 (“MTO“) 1 Aral\u0131k 2020 tarihinde 2021 Tahkim Kurallar\u0131’n\u0131 (“2021 Kurallar\u0131“) yay\u0131mlad\u0131. 2021 Kurallar\u0131, 1 Ocak 2021 tarihinde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[120,149],"tags":[96],"class_list":["post-18494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-legal-alerts","category-covid-19-tr","tag-dispute-resolution-tr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMTO 2021 Kurallar\u0131: Etkililik, Esneklik ve \u015eeffafl\u0131k i\u00e7in Bir Ad\u0131m Daha<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Milletleraras\u0131 Ticaret Odas\u0131 ("MTO") 1 Aral\u0131k 2020 tarihinde 2021 Tahkim Kurallar\u0131'n\u0131 ("2021 Kurallar\u0131") yay\u0131mlad\u0131. 2021 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